Bond Strength of Amalgam to Dentin Using Various Bonding Agents

Objectives:

To evaluate several of the available amalgam bonding systems to determine which system would provide the best bond to dentin.

Methods:

Eight bonding agent systems and an amalgam without bonding agent as control were used. The bonding systems included AllBond 2 Primer A&B with Panavia 21 (Bisco and Kuraray), AllBond 2 Primer A&B with Prebond & D/E Resin (Bisco), Optibond All-in-one and NX3 DC (Kerr), PQ Amalgam (Ultradent), Prime&Bond NT Dual Cure (Dentsply), Clearfil Protect Bond (Kuraray), Clearfil S3 Bond (Kuraray), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (3M ESPE). The Amalgam material used was Valiant PhD-XT (Ivoclar).

Ninety extracted third molars were used. The teeth were sectioned mesial to distal and one half of each tooth was embedded in acrylic. Dentin was exposed, polished with 320-grit SiC sandpaper. All bonding systems were used following manufacturers' directions. Size #1 copper band was used in an Ultradent jig to allow the amalgam condensation on the prepared dentin surface (n=10). All specimens were stored in de-ionized water (370C) for 24 hours. The shear bond strength was determined using an MTS mechanical tester.

Results:

All specimens in the control group failed before being tested. The test results (in MPa) of the other groups are listed.

AllBond Panavia 3.6(0.9)

AllBond prebond resin 6.7(1.6)

OptiBond AIO 6.4(2.5)

PQ Amalgam 1.5(0.6)

Prime&Bond NT 3.5(1.6)

Protect Bond 1.1(0.6)

S3 Bond 1.0(0.3)

Scotch Bond MP Plus 6.5(1.0)

Control 0

Kruskal-Wallis on Ranks test showed that bonding system had significant influence on the bond strength of amalgam to dentin. Multiple Comparison Test revealed AllBond prebond resin, OptiBond AIO, ScotchBond Multipurpose Plus had significantly higher bond strength than PQ Amalgam, Protect Bond, S3 Bond and the control groups.

Conclusions:

AllBond Prebond Resin, OptiBond AIO, ScotchBond Multipurpose Plus had higher bond strength to dentin than all other groups when used with amalgam.