The bone formation effect of the PCL-TCP, rhBMP-2, dMSCs

Objectives:The severe vertical and horizontal bone resorption after loss of teeth is demanded a bone augmentation for an installation of implant. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of combination among PCL-TCP (Polycaprolactonelactide), AFG(Auto Fibrin Glue), rhBMP(recombinant human Bone Morphogenetic Protein)-2 and dMSCs (dermal Mesenchymal Stem Cells) on new bone formation in dogs.

Methods:Two beagle dogs were utilized. The dMSCs were cultivated from dog's iliac bone crest 3 weeks before grafting and immediately dyed by PKH26 fluorescence. The consistency of the rhBMP-2 was 50mg/ml. After reducing cortical bone, scaffolds were fixed with the mini-implant on right and left side of scapula (Group 1: PCL –TCP/AFG, Group 2: PCL-TCP/AFG/dMSCs, Group 3: PCL-TCP/AFG/dMSCs/rhBMP-2 Group 4: PCL-TCP/AFG/dMSCs/rhBMP-2/membrane). The existence and proliferation of the dMSCs cell from the fluorescent microscope were observed 2 and 4 weeks later. Histological observation was conducted after H-E and Von-Kossa staining.

Results:The existence and proliferation of the dMSCs were observed in all groups from the fluorescence microscope, but the dMSCs which were carried with AFG in PCL-TCP scaffold in Group 2, 3 and 4 were well proliferated. Little bone formation was observed in the Group 1 and 2. Significant new bone in cases of rhBMP-2 containing groups (Group 3 and 4) was observed from Von-Kossa staining at 4 weeks.

Conclusions:It was observed that the AFG could be the carrier for grafting of dMSCs and rhBMP-2 to promote bone formation and the rhBMP-2 could promote new bone formation significantly. However, it feels that further study on the effect of mesencymal stem cell with scaffold to new bone formation is necessary.