Canine Periodontal Tissue Regeneration Using Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Objectives: The previous studies suggested that Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) with Platelet –rich plasma (PRP) could contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration immunohistochemically. In this study, we sought to determine if ASCs could be available as an alternative cell source for periodontal tissue regeneration in a canine model.

Methods: ASCs were prepared from inguinal fat pads of beagle dogs (six month, weight 7-10 kg), and cultured in control medium (DMEM+10%FBS). The class III furcation defects were created in the mandibular premolars, 1.5 x 107 cells/ml ASCs with PRP from autologous blood were transplanted in the experimental group (n=20). While no treatment and PRP independent were performed as the controls (n=20). After one, two and three month implantation, X-ray, histologic examination, immunostaining of osteocalcin and type I collagen were performed. The regenerated bone area was measured with the Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test to compare the regenerated bone area using the Microsoft Excel.

Results: After one month implantation, the alveolar bone regeneration was seen in the bottom of the defect area of all groups and the tissues respond in a more or less identical manner. After two months of implantation of the experimental group, exasperation of radiopaque was confirmed in the defect. After three months of implantation for the experimental group, the surface of regenerated alveolar bone and periodontal ligament like structure was stained for osteocalcin and type I collagen, respectively. Significant difference was found between the mean of regenerated bone area in the experimental group and the no implantation group (64.6% vs. 37.6%, respectively; P < 0.05).

Conclusions: These findings suggest that ASCs with PRP could contribute to periodontal tissue regeneration in the canine model. ASCs may be a useful in future clinical cell-based therapy for periodontal tissue regeneration.