In vitro evaluation of different MTA-materials on human osteoblasts

Objectives: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has become very popular for many different endodontic procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate five different MTA products (ProRoot MTA-White (Dentsply-USA), MTA Angelus-Gray, MTA Angelus-Blanco, MTA Angelus-Bio (Angelus-Brazil) and DiaRoot BioAggregate (Diadent-Canada)) on cell growth, cell morphology, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production by human osteoblasts.

Methods: Samples from each material were fabricated in cylindrical blocks, 8.4-mm diameter and 1-mm height. After setting in a humid environment (24h, 37°C), eluates were prepared in cell culture medium by shaking in a water bath (24h, 37°C) and filtered. After culturing using standard procedures, cells were plated in 96-well culture plates (10.000 cells/well) and exposed to diluted and undiluted eluates for 24 and 72-hours. Supernatants were collected for cytokine assay by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-(ELISA). Diphenyltetrazolium bromide-(MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Morphology of cells was also examined under a light microscope. Statistical significant differences between the groups were analyzed with using a one-way analysis of variance and a multiple comparison test (P<0.05).

Results: Compared to the control group (medium only), undiluted eluates of all MTA-materials caused significantly less cell viability after 24h. After dilution of all material eluates by 50% and 75%, DiaRoot BioAggregate material demonstrated least cell proliferation after 24 and 72-hours. Although undiluted eluates of all materials decreased the cellular production of IL-6 in osteoblasts, diluted extracts of MTA Angelus-Gray, ProRoot MTA and DiaRoot Bioaggregate promoted the IL-6 production (107.09±8.05), (130.14±9.79) and (120.58±10.80) respectively. Morphology of cells changed to round when non/less diluted eluates were used.

Conclusions: Leaching components of all MTA materials showed different extent of toxicity and promote IL-6 expression depending on the dilution rate of eluate used.

Acknowledgements: Financial support of Research Council of Norway and material support of Angelus and DiaDent Companies are gratefully acknowledged.