Introduction: University of Michigan is evaluating a series of “low-cost simulations” (LCS) focused on separating cognitive-versus-motor learning events in preclinical operative dentistry. LCS pilot experiments (IRB-approved) use 3D computer-interactive images for previewing, conceptualizing (cognitive), and simulating (motor) cavity preparation. Currently, LCS only simulates 2 degrees-of-freedom (dof= x-y dimensions, limited z) versus 4 dof (x-y-z, tilt) when an actual handpiece is used to prepare a tooth. The following study utilized LCS to model a complex learning event.
Objective: To evaluate LCS training effects (both cognitive and motor) on subsequent DDS1 preclinical performance on “first attempt” of Class-1 cavity preparation (Typodont tooth) as assessed by size, shape, and location qualities.
Methods: Students used computer-based 3D-simulation (ZBrush, V3.1, Pixologic) to train for Class-I preparation 30-minutes prior to first Typodont tooth preparation in lab. Performance was rated (5 [best] to 1[worst]) for major preparation errors (see attachment) involving (a) size [8 sites], (b) shape [6 sites], and (c) location [8 sites]. Comparisons were made within groups (small-letter superscripts) and among groups (capital-letter superscripts) using ANOVA (p≤0.05).
Preparation Groups: | Learning Levels: | | Ratings Scale | | Cognitive | Motor | n= | Size (x±sd) | Shape (x±sd) | Location (x±sd) | | | | | | | | LCS: Computer | High | 2-dof | 32 | 4.40±0.72ab,A | 4.77±0.50a,A | 4.07±0.91b,A | LCS: In-Lab | High | 4-dof | 32 | 2.72±0.85a,B | 2.91±1.03a,B | 2.63±0.91a,B | | | | | | | | Control: In-Lab | High | 4-dof | 71 | 2.73±0.91a,B | 3.08±1.04a,B | 2.46±1.00a,B | Results: LCS computer and LCS in-lab groups were different (p<0.0001). LCS in-lab and control in-lab groups were the same (p>0.05). The inference was that 2-dof motor skill was rate-limiting for learning performance. The trend of ratings for size, shape, and location in all groups were the same with only minor differences.
Conclusions: Pilot data suggested that 4-dof was crucial for successful LCS in complex psycho-motor learning.
Acknowledgments: UM-3D Lab, Pixologic Software. |
