Effect of Bleaching on IL-1B and IL-10 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid

Objectives: Several bleaching systems have been introduced in response to the demand in esthetic dentistry. However, concerns still remain regarding to their effects on periodontal tissues. As cytokines are considered to play important role in the initiation and progression of gingival inflammation, the aim of this study was to analyze interleukin–1 beta (IL–1B), interleukin–10 (IL–10) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients treated with different bleaching systems.

Materials and Methods: According to pre-established criteria, thirty healthy volunteers were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: G1:home bleaching (Opalescence 35% CP/Ultradent), G2: chemically activated office bleaching (Opalescence Extra Boost 35% HP/Ultradent), G3: light activated office bleaching (Opalescence Xtra 35% HP/Ultradent) were applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations. After shade evaluation clinical parameters including; probing depth, gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing were determined. GCF were collected from 6 maxillary sites per patient at baseline (T0), 1 day (T1) and 2 weeks after bleaching treatments (T2) and analyzed for IL–1B, IL–10 by ELISA. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (p=0.05).

Results: The total amount of IL–1B levels of T2/G3 were significantly higher than T2/G2. IL–10 total amount levels of T0/G1 were higher than T0/ G2 and T0/G3 (p<0.05). IL–10 total amount levels of T2/G1 and T2/G2 were significantly higher than T2/G3 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences among T0, T1 and T2 for both interleukin levels within each group.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, home and chemically activated bleaching systems could be considered as safe and effective treatment choices in tooth whitening and maintaining gingival health by reducing proinflammatory response (IL–1B) and increasing anti-inflammatory response (IL–10) in GCF.